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宾语从句之时态三原则_宾语从句三大时态问题

宾语从句的三种时态

宾语从句的三种时态有:一般现在时、过去时态、表示客观真理或事实。

宾语从句之时态三原则_宾语从句三大时态问题宾语从句之时态三原则_宾语从句三大时态问题


1、一般现在时

主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。

例:She says (that) she works from Ionday to Friday.

她说她从周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)

She says that she will lee a message on his desk.

她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)

2、过去时态

主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式。

例:He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.

他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)

He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.

他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)

3、表示客观真理或事实

当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。例:The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.

老师告诉我们世上无难事,只怕有心人。

She said that her father is twenty-eight years older than her.

她说她父亲比她大二十八岁。

He said that light trels much faster than sound.

他说光比声音传播得快。

注意:当主句的谓语动词是think或believe,宾语从句要表达否定时,要把从句的否定转移到主句上。

宾语从句是在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句,是名词性从句的一种。宾语从句主要分为三类:动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。

宾语从句三原则

宾语从句

宾语从句三要素,

词、语序、时态。

词分三情况,

陈述句that可省略。

一般疑问句if或whether。

碰到特殊疑问句,

疑问词来担此任。

语序总体为主谓。

疑问词从句主语,

语序不必去改变。

从句时态主句定,

如果主句是过去,

从句相应作改变,

客观真理仍现在。

宾语从句的

语序

时态

忘掉了

宾语从句,变换时态的原则。

宾语从句主句从句时态的变化

1.主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。

2.主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。

3.主句用过去时,从句是真理时,只用一般现在时。

宾语从句三原则

我可不知道有什么所谓的三原则 是指 词 语序 和时态吧 姑且这么理解 告诉你一口诀吧 很有用的

宾语从句三姊妹,that,if/whether,wh-/how展风采.

展风采有三关,词、语序、时态在把关.

主从时态要一致,陈述语序变.

陈述请你选that,疑问需用if/whether连.

特殊问句作宾从,原来问词不用换.

三关过后莫得意,人称、标点需注意.

留意变脸的if/when,从句的简化记心间.

[歌诀解码]

一、三姊妹

宾语从句根据词的不同可分为三种类型:

1. 由that的宾语从句.如:

We knew (that)we should learn from each other.

2. 由if/whether的宾语从句.如:

Please tell me if/whether you he been to America.

3. 由who,where,how等连接代词或连接副词的宾语从句.如:

Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?

二、三关

1. 词关

如果从句是陈述句,词用that(that在口语或非正式文体中常省略);如果从句是一般疑问句,词用if/whether;如果从句是特殊疑问句,词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词.

2. 语序关

①陈述句变为宾语从句,语序不变,即仍用陈述语序.如:

He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said(that)he was an honest boy.

②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句,语序变为陈述语序.如:

Does he work hard?I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard.

When did he lee?I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.

3. 时态关

①如果主句是现在的时态,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定.如:

I he heard(that)he will come back next week.

②如果主句是过去的某种时态,那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态.如:

He said(that)there were no classes yesterday.

注意:如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时,不管主句是什么时态,从句都要用一般现在时.如:

He said that light trels much faster than sound.

三、人称的变化和标点的使用

1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致;如果是第二人称,则与主句的宾语一致;如果是第三人称,不用变化.如:

“May I use your knife?”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.

“Do you know her telephone number?”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.

2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定.主句是陈述句,用句号;主句是疑问句,用问号.如:

Who will give us a talk?I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.

Do you know?Where does he live?→Do you know where he lives?

四、两副面孔

if和when既能时间状语从句,又能宾语从句.因此,遇到它们就要认真分析一下,它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副.如:

If it rains tomorrow,I won’t come.(时间状语从句)

I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. (宾语从句)

五、从句的简化

1. 当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式.如:

She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.

2. 当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构.如:

She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.

3. 在连接代词/副词的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构.如:

Can you tell me how I can get to the station?→Can you tell me how to get to the station?

“当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式.如:

She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.”

补充:

宾语从句就是一个句子在复合句中作动词或介词的宾语,在主句与从句之间有一个词,其结构为“主语+谓语动词+词+主语+谓语+其 它”.

主句 宾语从句

焦点一:宾语从句的词

1. 宾语从句具有陈述意义时用that.that无具体意思,不作任何成分,因此在口语或非正式文体中常常被省略.如:

She said (that) she would lee the book on his desk. 她说她会把那本书放在他的桌子上.

● 从句的主语是that时,that不能省略;主从句之间有插入语时,that不能省略;若出现两个或两个以上的that宾语从句,且由并列连词连 接时,只有第一个连词that可以省去,其余保留.如:

It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays.卡片上写着,它过去是演戏用的.

He thought that that was a washing machine. 他认为那是一台洗衣机.

My aunt said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her daughter. 我姑姑说她要来,还要带她的女儿来.

2. 当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时,用if或whether来从句,意为“是否”.如:

Alice wanted to know if / whether her grandmother liked the bag. 艾丽斯想知道她祖母是否喜欢这个包.

在下列几种情况下,只能用whether, 不能用if:

● 当or not 紧随连词之后时.如:

I don't know whether or not he will come on time. 我不知道他能否按时来.

● 从句用作介词宾语时.如:

I am interested in whether he joined the army. 我对他是否入伍很感兴趣.

● 在带to的动词不定式前.如:

She doesn't know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home. 她不知道是去看电影还是在家看电视.

● 当宾语从句移至句首表强调时.如:

Whether this is true or not, I'm not sure. 这是否真实,我不敢肯定.

3. 宾语从句具有特殊疑问含义时用连接代(副)词,它们在宾语从句中充当一定成分,因此不能省略.如:

Did you hear what he said? 你听见他说的话了吗?(作宾语)

I don't know whose that is. 我不知道那是谁的.(作表语)

Could you tell me how I get to the post office? 你能告诉我到邮局怎么走吗?(作状语)

焦点二:宾语从句的语序

无论宾语从句的主句是陈述句还是疑问句,也无论主从句间是什么词,宾语从句一律用陈述语序,即“词+主语+谓语+其它”.如:

Could you tell me? / Where does Wei Fang live?

→Could you tell me where Wei Fang lives?

● 当疑问代词who, what等在从句中作主语时,语序本来就是陈述语序,故语序不再变化.如:

Who will give us a talk? Please tell us.

→Please tell us who will give us a talk.

焦点三:宾语从句的时态

● 如果主句是祈使句或主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时,则宾语从句可根据句意的需要而选用任何一种时态;若主句是一般过去时 ,宾语从句用表示过去的某种时态.

He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他.

My father said that he was mending his bike. 我父亲说他正在修理自行车.

● 如果宾语从句表示客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、现阶段存在的客观事实、现在经常性或习惯性的动作、谚语、格言等,不论主句用何 种时态,从句一律用一般现在时.如:

The teacher told us that light trels much faster than sound. 老师告诉我们光比声音传播快.

He said time is money. 他说时间就是金钱.

焦点四:宾语从句的简化

1. 当主句谓语动词是hope, agree, choose, wish, decide 等,其后用that的宾语从句,若主从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结 构.如:

He agreed that he could help me with my English. → He agreed to help me with my English.

2. 当主句谓语动词为see, hear, watch, find等词时,其后that宾语从句常简化为“宾语+宾语补定语”结构,宾补多为不带to的不定式或 动词的现在分词.如:

I heard that she sang some songs in the next room. → I heard her sing some songs in the next room.

3. 由特殊疑问词的宾语从句,若从句的主语与主句的主语或间接宾语相一致时,可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构.如:

I don't know what I should do. → I don't know what to do.

Can you tell me how I get to the hospital? → Can you tell me how to get to the hospital?

焦点五:宾语从句的否定转移

当主句谓语动词为think, suppose, guess, believe等词时,并且主语为第一人称时,从句的否定词应转移到主句谓语动词上来.如:

I don't believe that he will come tomorrow. 我相信他明天不会来.

好的话多给点分 不好的话权当娱乐了

判断宾语从句三个条件是什么?

判断宾语从句三个条件是:陈述语序,时态,词。置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、动词现在分词、过去式、过去分词后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词之后也可以带宾语从句。

宾语从句的时态:

1、主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。

例句:The headmaster hopes everything goes well.

2、主句是一般过去时,从句须用过去时态的某种形式。

例句:She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.

3、当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实真理时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。

例句:The teacher told his class that light trels faster than sound.

宾语从句的三个准则是什么?

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.

学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:连接词、语序和时态.

陈述语序,主将从现,连接词

先行词,语序,时态

词 语序 和时态吧

宾语从句的时态

宾语从句的时态如下:

1、一般现在时态:当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时态时,宾语从句的谓语动词可以是一般现在时态、一般过去时态或者一般将来时态。

2、一般过去时态:当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时态时,宾语从句的谓语动词可以是般过去时态、过去进行时态或者过去完成时态。

3、一般将来时态:当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时态时,宾语从句的谓语动词可以是般将来时态、一般现在时态或者过去将来时态。

4、过去将来时态:当主句的谓语动词是过去将来时态时,宾语从句的谓语动词可以是过去将来时态、过去完成时态或者过去进行时态。

一、相关示例

1、宾语从句中主句是过去时态,宾语从句必须是一种过去的时态。例如:She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。

2、当表示客观事实或普遍真理的句子做宾语从句时,任何时候都用一般现在时。例如:The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说过地球绕着太阳转。

3、当主句是现在时态时,宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。例如:He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。

二、宾语从句的分类

1、动词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于动词后面的宾语从句。例如:He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法。

2、介词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于介词后面的宾语从句。例如:I agree with what you said just now.我同意你刚才说的话。

3、形容词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于形容词后面的宾语从句。例如:I am afraid that I will be late.恐怕我要迟到了。

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