同位语从句公开课(同位语从句讲解教案)

【英语语法百宝箱】同位语从句

The news that a Pakistan girl stood up for education and was nearly killed by the Taliban surprised the whole world.

同位语从句公开课(同位语从句讲解教案)

被同位语从句修饰的词往往是抽象的，例如 hope，news，fact，idea，question等等。

There is no question that agers need rules .

毫无疑问，青少年需要规则。

Malala, a seven-year-old girl , became the youngest person ever to be given a Nobel Peace Prize.

Nobel Peace Prize = 诺贝尔

将下面两句哈合成简洁的一句话。

1. Mark Zuckerberg delivered a speech at Harvard University.

2. He is the founder of Facebook.

【答案】

Mark Zuckerberg, the founder of Facebook , delivered a speech at Harvard University.

【同位语的一般特征】

一般情况下，同位语一般都紧紧跟在被修饰的词后面。

【同位语的分隔】

同位语跟被修饰词也可以被一些词隔开，例如 for example，such as，including等等。

She has won many prizes, including the Nobel Peace Prize .

【同位语从句】

由句子做同位语，是名词性从句的一种。

Lang Lang, a world-class pianist, is such a promising young man.

promising = 有前途的

【 同位语从句形式一：that + 句子 】

This early success ge his father high hopes that Lang Lang would become a great pianist .

【练习】

用英语表达：我们队赢了比赛的消息太棒了！

“It's great news that our team won the match!”

注意：that不能省略。

【 同位语从句形式二：whether + 句子 】

Whether he would become a great pianist worried / troubled Lang Lang a lot.

trouble = 使麻烦

a lot = much = 非常

注意：同位语从句中，表示“是否”只能用whether。

【 同位语从句形式三：其他词 + 句子 】

that 和 whether 常见，例如when, where, who 等

Hawking was exploring the question of where the boundaries of the Universe are .

霍金探索过宇宙的边界。

The news that a Pakistan girl stood up for education and was nearly killed by the Taliban surprised the whole world.

一则巴基斯坦女孩为教育权利发声而点被的消息震惊了全世界。

尝试用本节课所学的同位语和同位语从句来表达下面这段话：

1. 一则小女孩获得诺贝尔的震惊了全世界。

The news that a girl won the Nobel Peace Prize surprised the whole world.

2. 17岁巴基斯坦少女马拉拉为妇女和儿童教育发声而点被。

Malala, a seven-year-old girl , was nearly killed by the Taliban because of the declaration for women and children education.

3. 幸运地是，她活了下来，并继续关心一些儿童是否能上学的问题。

Luckily, she survived and continued to care about the question whether some children could go to school .

新概念英语第三册语法精粹：从句的使用

【 #新概念英语# 导语】新概念英语一共144课。整本书无论是语法还是词汇，题材还是语句，都有其出彩之处。正是因为如此，新概念英语更是经久不衰，深受广大英语学习者的喜爱。 为您整理了“新概念英语第三册语法精粹：从句的使用”，希望可以帮助到您！

在英语中，从句主要有定语从句，状语从句和名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）

一．定语从句

1． 定语从句：由关系代词 who, whom, whose, that, which; 关系副词 when, where, why 。

（下面十个句子请读 5遍并脱口译出！）

1. The death notices tell us about people who he died during the week.

2. The man (whom) you spoke to just now is my friend.

3. The building whose lights are on is beautiful.

4. Please find a place which we can he a private talk in.

5. The knee is the joint where the thighbone meets the large bone of the lower leg.

6. He still remembers the day when he went to school.

7. It is no need telling us the reason why you didn't finish it in time.

8. He has three sons, two of whom died in the war.

9. Mr. Smith, whose wife is a clerk, teaches us English.

10. In the Sunday paper there are comics, which children enjoy.

2． 只能用that和who的定语从句

A．all, nothing, anything, a few, one做先行词指物时

B．先行词前有形容词级修饰时，后面常跟that而不是which.

C．先行词前有 the only, the first, the last, the next, the very等词修饰时，词只能用that。

D．当先行词是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody时，后面要用who或whom；

● All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的并非都是金子。

3． as 定语从句

as 的定语从句有两种形式：

A．限制性语从句。

在此类定语从句中，as常与主语中作为其先行词的such, the same或as联用构成，“such... as”，“the same... as”和“as ...as”句型，可代替先行词。

例如：We hope to get such a tool as he is using. 我们希望得到他正在用的那种工具。

B．as 非限制性定语从句时，作用与which相同，as作为关系代词代替整个主句。

（这是语法考试的一个考点。）

［注意区别］：

as 的从句用于句首、句中或句后，而which的定语从句不能放在句首。

例如：As is reported, a foreign delegation will visit the city.

据，一个外国代表团将访问这个城市。

二．状语从句

超级作文联接词及词组，全部拿下！

① 原因：because, since, now that（既然）as, for, this reason....

② 结果：so that, so, therefore, consequently, so as to, as a result ....

③ 时间：after, before, when, while, as, until, as soon as, since, by the time, once, lately, presently, shortly after, currently, at present, nowadays ...

④ 条件：if, only if., once, unless, in the event (that), in case (that), provided that, on the condition that, etc.

⑤ 让步：though, although, even though(if), no matter what / how / when→ whatever / however / whenever ....

⑥ 目的：in order that, in order to, to,

⑦ 比较：than, as ... as, by comparison（相比较），by contrast（相对照）....

三．名词性从句

要点：通常由 that或疑问词导出。

1. How some mammals came to live in the sea is not know.（主语从句）

2. The attorney told his client that they had little chance of winning the case.（宾语从句）

3. The problem is what we'll do next.（表语从句）

4. We he no idea that he has come back.（同位语从句）

同位语（Appositive）:

同位语是英语语法的重点内容，也是中的一个考点，同时，在写作中正确运用同位语可以使你的句型更加简洁得体。

《新概念英语》 第三册第一课有这样一个句子： When reports came into London zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.

（当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时，这些报告并没有受到重视。）

在这里，a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London就是同位语从句，它本来应该放在 “reports”后面，这里却被放在了谓语成分 came into London zoo的后面，目的是让句型显得更为稳重。

I．简单记忆：同位语从句，就是对某些名词做进一步的解释的句子。

I was greatly shocked when I heard the news that his father died yesterday.

（that 的句子解释了news的内容，注意：that不做任何成分）

We he to face the fact that the weather is unexpectedly bad.

（that 的句子解释了fact的内容）

II．联想记忆：

能接同位词从句的名词有：belief（信仰），fact，idea，doubt，rumor（谣言），evidence（证据），conclusion（结论），suggestion（建议），problem，order，answer，discovery（发 现）explanation（解释），principle（原则），possibility（可能性），truth，promise（），report（报告），statement（声明），knowledge（知识），opinion（观点），likelihood（可能性）

［大声朗读三遍，背下即可。］

III．要点：

● 同位语一般由that，但也可以用关系代词which, who, what和关系副词when, where, why, how或 whether 。

There arouse the question whether we could win the game.

I he no idea howto explain it.

● 一些介词词组后面也能同位语从句。（非常经典之功能句式，可用于四六级和托福作文，不妨一试！）：

on the assumption（在……前提下），

on the ground（由于……原因），

on the condition that（在……条件下），

with the exception（有……例外）

owing to the fact（由于……事实）；

on the understanding（基于……理解）；

The young lady promised to marry the old man on the condition that he bought her a villa.

那位年轻的女士答应嫁给那位老头，条件是他给她买一幢别墅。

IV．分隔式同位语从句：

为了使句型平衡不至于头重脚轻，有时同位语从句可以放到句子的末尾，（读两遍此定义，然后看倒句：）

An idea came to him that he might write to her to ask more information about the matter.

I got information from my friend that there will be a marvelous American movie "Titanic".

V. 同位语从句与定语从句之区别：

简单记忆：定语从句的词 that 或 which在句子中用作主语或宾语，而同位语从句的词that只起连接主句和从句之作用，不用作任何成分。

示例：I've got an answer that A is right. (同位语从句，that 不做成分)

I've got an answer that surprised me a lot.（定语从句，that做定语从句的主语）

VI．重点：可以充当同位语的词组或短语：

1）名词短语。（使句型更为简洁）

Bill Clinton, the president of America, came to China to pay an official visit in 1998.

Lu Xun, one of the greatest essayists in China, played an overwhelmingly important role in Chinese literature history.

2）动名词词组亦可用作同位语：别忘了加逗号。（使句型更为流畅）

I'm crazy about the game, playing baseball.

Going to concert, that sounds a great idea.

3）不定式短语。（陌生只是掌握的开始）

The problem what to do next remains unsolved.

Her claim to he finished his work is nothing but a white lie.

4）形容词词组。（有逗号隔开）

All the workers, young or old, should be treated equally.

Young man, short or tall, should he the right to take the opportunity.

VII. 同位语的词。（重要！这是中高级写作中不可缺少的成分）

词用来表示同位语与它所说明的同位成分之间的关系：

1．namely, that it is, that is to say（也就是说）, in other words（换句话说）, or, for short 表示等同关系。

2．such as, say, so to speak（譬如说）, including（包括）, for instance（或 for example (e.g. / eg），表示举例和列举关系。

3．especially, mostly, chiefly, or better, in particular, particularly表示突出重点，（在高难度阅读中表示后面的部分为更重要或更突出的部分，是出题的关键点。）

测试精编：

I. 选择正确选项：

1. ________ all behior is learned behior is a basic assumption of social scientists.

A. Nearly B. That nearly

C. It is nearly D. When nearly

2. The people at the party were worried about Janet because no one was aware ________ she had gone.

A. where that B. of where

C. of the place where D. the place

3. — Susan hasn't written us for a long time. — What do you suppose________ to her?

A. that happened B. happened

C. to happen D. hing happened

4. — May I he the loan? ________ you offer good security.

A. But B. Unless C. Provided D. But for

5. Gorillas are quiet animals, ________ they are able to make about twenty different sounds.

A. how B. in spite of C. because of D. even though

6. The little White House in warm springs was the Georgia home of President Franklin-D. Roosevelt ________ there on April 12, 1945.

A. who died B. died C. while died D. he died

7. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of ________ reality.

A. what it is conceived B. that is conceived

C. what is conceived to be D. that is being conceived of

8. Seeds usually germinate ________ the temperature is forable.

A. if B. whereas C. as a result D. in consequences

9. Francis Preston Blair. Jr, ________ born in Kentucky, lived and practiced in Missouri.

A. was B. he was C. although D. who he was

10. ________, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form.

A. They occur where they are B. Occurring where

C. Where they occur D. Where do they occur

各种从句的语法总结

各种从句的语法总结

导语：高级的英语语法知识比初级英语的要难得多，下面我分享高级英语的重要语法，欢迎学习!

虚拟语气在各种从句的应用

主语从句的虚拟

1. It is + adj. + that . (should) do

常见的形容词有：necessary, important, strange, natural

It's important that he take my advice.

2. It is + n. + that . (should) do

常见的名词有：a pity, a shame, no wonder, one's wish

It's a pity that he be so silly.

3. It is + done + that . (should) do

常见的过去分词有：suggested, advised, demanded, requested, required, asked, ordered,

proposed, decided, desired, insisted等。

It's requested that she go home as soon as possible.

宾语从句的虚拟

1. 表命令，表建议，表要求的动词，后接宾语从句虚拟。虚拟的构成为(should) do。

I advise that he stay at home.

2. wish后接从句，虚拟的构成是往过去推一个时态。

I wish I had watched the football match last night.

注意以下几组词或短语用于虚拟语气中。

1. as if, as though

He speaks English as if he were a native speaker.

2. otherwise, but, even though

He was ill. Otherwise he would he been there.

3. with, without, but for

Without your help, I would he died two years ago.

But for your help, I would he died two years ago.

4. would rather I'd rather you told me yourself.

5. It's time that

It's time that you went to bed.

It's time that you should go to bed.

表语从句中的虚拟

在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：

His suggestion is that we (should) lee at once.

名词从句部分：

1. that不可省略的情况

2. that同位语从句和that定语从句的区别：同位语从句中的that是连词，不做成分，只连接主从句，不能省略;定语从句中的'that要代替先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或者表语，并且做宾语时可以省略。从语义上看，同位语从句是对前面名词的解释、说明或内容;而定语从句时对前面名词的限定。

We should consider the students’request that the school library provide more books on

popular science. (that同位语从句)

The only hope that he expressed was that they would do what they could to help the people

in disaster areas. (that定语从句)

3. 要根据句子结构尤其是谓语动词判断从句的类型：

What is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.

本句含有一个主语从句和一个表语从句，主句的动词为is。

It is known to us all that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.

本句含有一个主语从句，主句的动词为is known to。

As is known to us all, the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.

本句含有一个定语从句，主句的动词为took place，as非限制性定语从句。

4. 名词性从句的语序和语态。

名词性从句均应用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序，其时态应该和主句时态保持一致。

5. 名词性从句中连词的省略 。

介词后的连词以及主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。that名词从句(除了第一个宾语从句可省略外)都不可省略，但是定语从句并在从句中做宾语时可以省略。that不能省略的情况：1)介词后面的that不能省略：

Peter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless.

2)当that的宾语从句位于句首时：

That he ever did such a thing I don’t believe.

3)主句谓语动词和that从句之间有插入语，that不省略：

She said that, if she failed, she would try again.

4)当宾语从句有其他从属连词时，that不省略：

He told me that if it was necessary they would work extra time.

6.名词性从句中it的使用：

为了保持句子平衡，多数情况下，it作形式主语或形式宾语，将真正的主语或宾语从句后置。定语从句关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that, as,和关系副词when, where, why。

(1)that指物时一般可与which互换，但在下列情况下，要用that而不用which。

a. 先行词有all, everything等不定代词时，如，

Everything (that) he did is wrong.

b. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时，如，

I'll read all the books (that) you lend me.

c. 先行词被序数词或形容词修饰时，

This is the first letter (that) the boy has written.

d. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时，如

He is the very man (that) I'm looking for.

e. 只用which的情况

在介词后或在非限定性定语从句中

This is the book about which we he talked a lot.

The book, which he ge me yesterday, is very interesting.

f. where和when作关系副词

This is the room where I worked.

This is the room which I stayed in.

I remembered the day when we lived there.

I remembered the day that I spent there.

g. as和which

as 可以放于句首，而which 不可以

As you know, he is good at English.

three of them 和three of which

I he a lot of books, three of which are in Russian.

I he a lot of books and three of them are in Russian.

(2. )“介词+关系代词”的情况：

在固定短语中介词不能提前;判断介词的口诀：瞻前顾后看意义

瞻前——看先行词;顾后——找从句动词;看意义——看全句表达含义

(3. )先行词在从句中充当地点状语时，关系词用where 或者介词加which;先行词在从句中充当时间状语时，关系词用when或者介词加which;先行词在从句中充当原因状语时，关系词用why或者for which。

(4. )注意as和which在非限制性定语从句中代表主句所表达的内容的区别：

位置不同：as从句放在主句前或后均可;而which从句只能放在主句后

作用不同：as从句动词常常是see \know等，因而相当于插入语;which从句则在陈述一件事实。

状语从句部分

1.while 是高考中的高频词，它既可时间状语从句，又可并列句，还可让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。

2. no matter wh- 与wh-ever 的联系及区别：no matter wh- 只让步状语从句，此时与wh-ever通用。wh-ever又可名词性从句，No matter wh-不能。

No matter when / Whenever he comes back, he should be invited to the party.

3. 在条件，时间和让步从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，用现在完成时表将来完成时，

用一般过去时表过去将来时。在since 的时间状语从句中，动词一般都用一般过去时，而主句常用现在完成时。

4. 状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况：①否定词开头;②so 加adj. 开头;③as /

though的让步状语从句。

5. 连词before小结：

We had sailed four days before we saw land. (……才)

We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired. (不到……就)

Please write it down before you forget it. (趁……)

Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. (还没来得及)

It will be/was…before…要过多久才……

6. because, since, as 原因从句的区别：because表达直接原因，语气强，回答why;

since通常放句首，译为“既然”;as不谈自明的原因，语气弱;

7. as可以多种从句，要注意其中的区别。

8. till, until和not…until的区别;if和unless的区别

非谓语动词部分动词不定式几点注意。

1.下列动词或动词短语后接不定式：agree, seem, appear, offer, happen, wish, hope, pay,

expect, long, plan, intend, promise, pretend, decide, afford, manage, choose, be said to,would like to等。

2. 不定式常用的句型：too…to do (太……而不能), …enough to do…(够……就能……), so as to do/in order to do(为了……)，so…as to do/such…as to do(如此……结果……)。

3. 不定式的三个结构：即否定结构、复合结构和疑问结构。

否定结构为“not (never) to do”;疑问结构是特殊疑问词“how (what, which, who, whether…) to do”;复合结构是“for/ of +名词(或代词宾格)+ to do ”。

4. let/ make/ he/ see/ hear/ notice/ observe/ listen to/ look at/ watch/feel

这些动词带不定式作宾补时，省掉to, 若这些动词以被动形式出现时，应加上to。

5. 当前面是the first, the second, the last, need, plan, time, chance, right,determination,ability, opportunity(机会)，way时，一般用不定式作定语。

6. but/ except + to do/ do 结构，要根据谓语动词来确定其后面的形式。当谓语动词是do,does, did时，but后用动词原形;谓语动词是其他动词时，but后用“to + 动词原形”的形式。

7. 形容词后一般用不定式(除busy, worth 两个外)。

You are sure to succeed. 你一定能成功。

He is busy preparing his lessons at present. 他现在正忙于预习功课。

8. 不定式作定语和表语时，有时需要在后面放上一个适当的介词。

This is a bench to sit on.(这是用来坐的凳子。)

This room is comfortable to live in. (这个房间住起来很舒适。)

9. 在“主语+系动词+adj.+不定式”这个句型中，当主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时，不定式不用被动，不能在动词后再放宾语。

The question is easy to answer. (question是answer的宾语，不能说：The question is easy to be answered. 也不能说：The question is easy to answer it .)

;

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...

今天老师（课外班后一次课....）讲同位语从句时很快，听到了一句“名词不做成分”，谁帮忙解释下？有原

feeling 和那个ufo的从句是并列成分，从句解释了那个feeling到底是什么

就是说我的feeling就是我们永远不知道ufo是什么

that 是不能省略的。that同位语从句，没有实际意义，但不能省略。这不同于宾语从句，that宾语从句，可省。that we will never know what a UFO is是feeling的同位语，

其中，同位语从句中有包括了一个宾语从句： what a UFO is。至于not ever是强调，是对never的翻版、解释。可以这么翻译这句话：

我有一种感觉：我们将永远不明白UFO 是什么——永远不！

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