初中英语被动语态初中英语被动语态教案

作者：笙耀网 • 更新时间2024-06-16 10:05:03 •阅读 1

初中英语语法总结之被动语态知识点

初中英语被动语态初中英语被动语态教案

下文是对被动的概念、构成、用法等的介绍，如果对被动语态还不够了解的话，请详细阅读下文。

一、概述

英语中有两种语态，主动和被动。

例如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的`承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)

二、被动语态的构成

被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught

一般过去时：was／were＋taught

一般将来时：will／shall(be going to) be＋taught

现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught

过去进行时：was/were being＋taught

现在完成时：he／has been＋taught

过去完成时：had been +taught

过去将来时：would(was/were going to) be+taught

;

初中英语被动语态结构

被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词”中的动词be来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：

(1)一般现在时的被动语态：am [is, are]+过去分词

English is taught in our school. 我们学校学英语。

We are taken good care of at school. 我们在学校受到很好的照顾。

(2) 一般过去时的被动语态：was [were]+过去分词

He was taken to the police station. 他被带到了警察局。

The house was built ten years ago. 这座房子是10年前建的。

(3) 一般将来时的被动语态：will be+过去分词

A new building will be built here soon. 不久这里将建一栋新楼。

The meeting will be held at two this afternoon. 会议将于今天下午2点举行。

(4) 现在完成时的被动语态：he [has]been+过去分词

All the work has been done now. 所有的工作现在都做好了。

He the letters been posted? 信都寄了吗？

(5) 过去完成时的被动语态：had been+过去分词

He said the work had been finished. 他说工作已完成了。

(6) 现在进行时的被动语态：am [is, are] being+过去分词

My watch is being repaired by him. 我的表正在由他修理。

The plan is now being discussed. 现在正在讨论。

(7) 过去进行时的被动语态：was [were] being+过去分词

He said that the man was being operated on. 他说那个人正在动手术。

He told me that a new station was being built. 他说正在修建一个新车站。

(8) 过去将来时的被动语态：would be+过去分词

He said that the meeting would be held next week. 他说会议将于下周举于。

被动语态在初中英语当中涉及到的知识点有哪些？

被动语态在初中英语当中涉及到的知识点有：

1）谓语部分必须是：be + 过去分词。

例如： His card is locked in his draw.

2) 谓语部分也有不同的时态。

一般现在时： be + 现在分词.

现在完成时： has/ he been + 过去分词.

现在进行时：be + being + 过去分词。

一般将来时： will + be + 过去分词。

注意结构和时态和动词过去分词的构成。

被动语态的结构是助动词be +及物动词的过去分词。

常见的形式是

一般现在时态的被动语态 am/is /are +动词过去分词

一般过去时态的被动语态是 was/were+及物动词的过去分词。

含有情态动词的被动语态是情态动词 +be+动词过去分词。

一般将来时态的被动语态是 will be +及物动词的过去分词。

现在进行时态的被动语态是 am/is/are being +及物动词的过去分词。

过去进行时态的被动语态是was /were+及物动词的过去分词。

现在完成时态的被动语态是 he/has been +及物动词的过去分词。

一般地讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语态举例如下：

1、一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词

Our classroom is cleaned every day.

This car is made in China.

2、一般过去时的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词

His desk was cleaned just now.

The station was built in 1928.

3、一般将来时的被动语态:

(A) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词

(B) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词.

Some new factories will be built in our city this year.

Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.

4、含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must + be + done

例如：He can not be found. / I must be paid for this.

被动语态在初中英语当中主要涉及到的语法：一般现在时的被动语态，过去时的被动语态，将来时的被动语态，含有情态动词的被动语态。

初中阶段要掌握的被动语态的基本结构是

1.一般现在时态的被动语态

am /is /are +动词的过去分词

2.一般过去时态的被动语态

was/were +动词的过去分词

3.含有情态动词的被动语态

情态动词 +be +动词的过去分词

初中的英语会出现被动语态，但是涉及到的时态比较少。比如一般过去时的被动语态was／we're done ，一般现在时的被动语态is ／am ／are／ doing，一般将来时，现在完成时等比较简单的被动语态。

一般地讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语态举例如下：

1、一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词

2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词

3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词

4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词

人教版被动语态在初中阶段所涉及到的内容主要有一般现在时的被动语态，一般过去时的被动语态和含有情态动词的被动语态。这里面要知道的就是被动语态的结构助动词be加及物动词的过去分词。而助动词be有人称数时态的变化，也就是说被动语态的时态的变化，其实就是助动词be的时态的变化。

被动语态主要用于以下两种情况，个呢，就是不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者是没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；第二个呢，就是强调动作的承受者。比如例句：这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。我们就可以这样说：The tree was broken by that boy. 强调动作的承受者是the tree，by引出动作的执行者that boy。

初中英语的八种时态和被动语态

现在完成时现在进行时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时过去进行时过去完成时一般现在时I)被动语态的概念

语态也是动词的一种形式,表示主语与谓语之间的关系.英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态People .被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者,.

(II)被动语态的构成

被动语态的形式是由“助动词be动词的过去分词”构成.助动词be随着主语的人称,数,时态和语气的不同而变化.各种时态的被动语态形式如下：

注：Get＋过去分词也可以构成被动语态,用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身.如：

the man got hurt on his way home. 那个男人在回家的路上受伤了.

)被动语态的几种句型

1.将主动语态中的宾语转换成被动语态的主语.

2.将主动语态中的动词改为“be+V(p.p)”

3.原来主动语态中的主语,如果需要,放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现,如没必要,可以省略.

4.主动语态中的其他句子成分不变.

由于主动语态结构的不同,因而转换成被动语态的方式也各有不同,现分类说明如下：

a.由及物动词形成的被动语态：

(1)S+V+O 主语+动词+宾语语法学习纲要由江苏省靖江高级中学外语组为英语猫网站编写

People grow rice in the south. Rice is grown in the south.

注：带有宾语从句的句子转换成被动语态时,需要将宾语从句变为主语从句,通常用形式主语来代替,而将主语从句后置.

They said that he would e back soon. It was said that he would e back soon.类似的还有：

It is reported / believed /hoped /supposed that ……

(2)S+V+O+C 主语+动词+宾语+宾补

We elected Li Ming monitor of our class. Li Ming was elected monitor of our class.

注：在主动结构中跟不带to的动词不定式作宾补变为被动结构时应加上to作主语补足语.

奴隶们被奴隶主整日整夜工作.Sle-owners made sles work all day and all night.

Sles were made to work all day and all night by sle-owners.

(3)S+V+Oi+Od 主语+动词+间宾+直宾语法学习纲要由江苏省靖江高级中学外语组为英语猫网站编写

昨天他给了我一件漂亮的生日卡.He ge me a beautiful birthday card yesterday. I was given a beautiful birthday card yesterday.

A beautiful birthday card was given to me yesterday.

注：用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时,通常要在间接宾语前加上适当的介词.如：to, for, of等,以加强间接宾语的语气.

b.由动词短语形成的被动语态：

一般情况下,只有及物动词才能跟宾语,而不及物动词不能跟宾语,所以只有及物动词才有被动语态,不及物动词则没有被动语态.但有些不及物动词后面跟上介词或副词后,变成一个动词短语,相当于一个及物动词,就可以形成被动语态.

约翰打开了收音机.John turned on the radio. The radio was turned on.

.注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词.

c.祈使句的被动语态通常借助let句式

请把窗户关上.Please close the window. Let the window be closed.

(IV)被动语态的使用时机语法学习纲要由江苏省中学外语组为英语猫网站编写

被动语态的使用往往不是任意的,而是按照表达思想,描述事物的需要,通常在下列情况下使用被动语态.

1.不知道或不必说出动作的执行者.

这本书已被翻译成许多种语言.This book has been translated into many languages.

2.动作的对象是谈话的中心.

我们家乡将建一条新铁路.A new railway will be built in our hometown.

3.修辞的需要,为了使句子更加简练匀称：

他出现在舞台上受到了观众的热烈欢迎.He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 被动语态便于论述客观事实,故常用于科技文章,,书刊介绍及景物描写.

【特别提醒】有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但改为被动结构后要加上“to”.例如

We heard him sing in his room just now.

---He was heard to sing in his room just now.

刚才听到他在房间中唱歌.

一、被动语态的用法：

1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词

Our classroom is cleaned everyday.

I am asked to study hard by my mother.

Knives are used for cutting things.

2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词

A new shop was built last year.

Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.

3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / he + been + 及物动词的过去分词

This book has been translated into many languages.

Many man-made satellites he been sent up into space by many countries.

4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

A new hospital will be built in our city.

Many more trees will be planted next year.

5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

Young trees must be watered often.

Your mistakes should be corrected right now.

The door may be locked inside.

Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.

6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词

Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→

My bike is being repaired by Tom now.

They are planting trees over there. →

Trees are being planted over there by them.

7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词

There are two books to be read. →

There are twenty more trees to be planted.

二、怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?

把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤：

1. 先找出谓语动词；

2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；

3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；

4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化.

例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.

2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.

3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels he been written by him so far.

4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.

5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now.

6. You must lock the door when you lee.→the door must be locked when you lee.