土木工程专业英语课后答案 土木工程专业英语课后翻译

土木工程专业英语求翻译

Tunnel by the new scheme, the principle of design of composite lining in the early support for rockbolt concrete, built by secondary lining concrete. Engineering ogy method was adopted to design the different sections of the tunnel lining structure parameters (including primary support and secondary lining), and calculate the stress of surrounding rock; Secondary lining section internal force is obtained by using the load structure method and cross section strength calculation, the geometric elements, which should include the lining lining under active load internal force calculation, internal force calculation unit elastic resistance under the action of lining, the maximum elastic resistance value total internal force calculation, lining calculation and lining section strength calculation.

土木工程专业英语课后答案 土木工程专业英语课后翻译

土木工程造价专业英语第四版课后练习翻译

LESSON 4 2、Translate the following phrases into Chinese /English . （1）Sustained load 长期荷载 （2）Cement gel 水泥凝胶体

（3）Water-cement ratio 水灰比 （4）The stability of the structure结构稳定 （5）The expansion joint 伸缩缝 （6）Moisture content 含水量 （7）Cement paste 水泥浆

（8）The coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete 混凝土热膨胀系 （9）Permanent plastic strain 塑性应变 （10）The fatigue strength of concrete 混凝土疲劳强度 3、Translate the following sentence into Chinese.

(1)The cause of the volume changes in concrete can be attributed to changes in moisture content, chemical reaction of the cement with water, variation in temperature, and applied loads. 混凝土的体积变化的原因可以归结为水分含量,水泥和水的化学反应，温度以及施加荷载的变化。 (2)High-early-strength and low-heat cement show more shrinkage than normal Portland cement. 高早强和低热水泥显示超过普通硅酸盐水泥收缩。

(3)The greater the aggregate content, the aller is the shrinkage. 骨料含量越大，收缩越小。

(4)Therefore, cracks may develop in concrete when a high percentage of steel is used. 因此，当使用高比例的钢铁时将可能产生混凝土裂缝。

(5)Generally, concrete shrinks at a high rate during the initial period of hardening, but at later stages the rate diminishes gradually.

一般来说，在硬化过程中初期率很高，但在稍后阶段混凝土收缩率逐渐减小。

（6）Under sustained load, plastic deformation continues to develop over a period that may last for years.

持续负荷下，塑性变形继续发展一段时间，可能持续数年。

(7)Creep increases with an increase of stress in specimens made from concrete of the same strength and with the same duration of load.

与标本中增加的压力增大制成的蠕变相同强度混凝土和时间相同的负载 与标本中的压力相同强度的混凝土，并与负荷增加同一时间作出蠕变增加 (8)Creep is reduced with an increase in the humidity of the ambient air 蠕变的减少是由于在周围的空气湿度增加

(9) Creep is decreases with an increase in the size of the tested specimen. 蠕变是一个经过测试的试件尺寸增大而减小.

(10)High-temperature steam curing of concrete as well as per use of a plasticizer will reduce the amount of creep.

高温蒸汽作为增塑剂正确使用混凝土养护将减少蠕变量. 5、Translate the following sentence into English.

（1）如果通过蒸发失去水分，混凝土就会收缩，但在水中硬化则会膨胀。

If it loses moisture(水份) by evaporation(蒸发),concrete shrinks, but if the concrete hardens in water, it expands.

（2）影响混凝土收缩的因素很多，如水泥和水的含量、骨料的级配以及环境条件等。

Many factors influence the shrinkage of concrete such as cement and water content、 gradation(等级) of aggregate and ambient conditions and so on。 （3）混凝土拌合物中的水泥含量越多或含水量越多，收缩量则越大。

The more cement or water content in the concrete mix, the greater the shrinkage.

土木工程专业介绍（英文版）

Civil Engineering Civil Engineering Introduction

The so-called large civil. Refers to all and water, soil, culture-related infrastructure-related projects, construction and maintenance. At present, the civil work projects include: roads, water supply, drainage, flood control works and transport. The past, all non-military use of civilian projects, classified into this category, but with the increasingly vast engineering sciences, many of the original content belong to the scope of civil engineering he been a separate section. At present, from the narrow definition, is equivalent to the Civil Engineering civil engineering, or construction (or structural engineering) This all-scale.

Civil Engineering Introduction

Business training objectives: the professional training of various civil engineering disciplines to master the basic theory and basic knowledge in housing construction, underground construction (including mine construction), roads, tunnels, bridges, buildings, hydropower stations, ports and offshore structures and facilities, water supply drainage and ground treatment in areas such as planning, design, construction, management and research, engineering and technical personnel, senior.

Operational training requirements: The students mainly study engineering mechanics, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, municipal engineering, water supply and drainage engineering and hydraulic engineering disciplines, basic theory and knowledge, by the engineering drawing, engineering, surveying, computer applications, professional test, structural design and construction practice areas such as basic training, and he engaged in construction, transportation works, water conservancy and hydropower engineering, port engineering, coastal engineering and water supply and drainage: the planning, design, construction, management and related research capacity.

Graduates should be given the following knowledge and ability to:

1. Natural Science has a solid foundation for a better foundation for the humanities and social sciences and foreign language integrated capacity;

2. Master of engineering mechanics, fluid mechanics, rock and soil mechanics, engineering geology and engineering drawing of the basic theory and basic knowledge;

3. Grasp the building materials, structural calculations, component design, ground treatment, water supply and drainage engineering and computer applications, basic knowledge, principles, methods and skills, has engaged in preliminary design of civil structural engineering and research capabilities;

4. Master construction machinery, electrical engineering, engineering, surveying, construction technology and construction organization, construction monitoring, project budget, as well as aspects of the tendering procedures for the basic knowledge and basic skills, has engaged in preliminary engineering, management and research capacity;

5. Familiar with the construction of various types of civil engineering principles, policies and regulations;

6. Understanding of civil engineering disciplines of the trunk and cutting-edge developments in theory;

7. Master the literature of information retrieval and the basic method of inquiry has a certain capacity for scientific research and practical work.

Major Courses:

Trunk disciplines: mechanical, civil engineering, water conservancy projects.

Main courses: engineering mechanics, fluid mechanics, rock mechanics with disabilities, the foundation and infrastructure, engineering geology, engineering, hydrology, engineering drawing, computer applications, construction materials, concrete structures, steel structures, engineering structures, water supply and drainage works, construction technology and管理.

The main practice teaching links include: engineering drawing, awareness training, surveying practices, engineering geology internship, professional practice or production practice, the structure of curriculum design, graduate thesis, such as design or general arrangement for about 40 weeks.

The main experiment: the experimental mechanics of materials, experimental materials, structural testing, soil testing.

Period of Study: Four years

Conferment of academic degrees: Bachelor of Engineering

Similar professional: Architecture, Construction Engineering Technology Civil Engineering and Town Planning Building Environment and Equipment Engineering, Civil Engineering to the drainage works to cross the river bridge and road works

求大神帮忙翻译一题土木工程专业英语题目！

此外totension和压缩，另一种力量在工作，即剪切，其定义为材料沿应力线断裂的倾向。力可能在垂直平面内发生，但也可能沿着梁的水平轴，中性面，那里既不是完全，tensionnor压缩。三力可以作用在结构：垂直的那些行为或下来；那些行为水平侧；和那些对它做一个旋转或turningmotion。作用在一个角是一个组合的横向和垂向力的力量。由于土木工程师设计的结构为固定或稳定，这些部队必须保持平衡。例如，verticalforces，必须相等。如果一个梁支撑loadabove，梁本身必须具有足够的强度，以抵消thatweight。水平力也必须相等，有不多的推力要么向右或向左。和可能扣结构必须与力量，在相反的方向拉反击。

跪求土木工程专业英语（段兵延）LESSON4 原文

Lesson 4 Tall Building

Although there he been many advancements in building construction technology in general, spectacular achievements he been made in the design and construction of ultrahigh-rise buildings．

虽然在建筑施工技术中，总的来说已经有了许多进步，但是在超高层建筑的设计和施工中也取得了惊人的成就。

The early development of high-rise buildings began with structural steel framing．

高层建筑的早期发展始于结构的钢框架。

Reinforced concrete and stressed-skin tube systems he since been economically and competitively used in a number of structures for both residential and commercial purposes．

从那以后，钢筋混凝土和薄壳筒体体系就被竞相经济地用在了许多民用和商用结构中。

The high-rise buildings ranging from 50 to 110 stories that are being built all over the United States are the result of innovations and development of new structural systems．

美国各地正在修建的50～110层的高层建筑是新的结构体系改革和发展的结果。

Greater height entails increased column and beam sizes to make buildings more rigid so that under wind load they will not sway beyond an acceptable limit．

更大的高度需要增加柱和梁的尺寸来使建筑物的刚性更大，以便于它们在风荷载作用下不会倾斜到允许的范围之外。

Excessive lateral sway may cause serious recurring damage to partitions, ceilings, and other architectural details．

过分的水平倾斜将导致隔板、天花板和其他建筑物细部的严重的复发性破坏。

In addition, excessive sway may cause discomfort to the occupants of the building because of their perception of such motion．

此外，过分的倾斜还可能导致建筑物内部居住者的不适，因为他们感觉到了这种运动。

Structural systems of reinforced concrete, as well as steel, take full advantage of the inherent potential stiffness of the total building and therefore do not require additional stiffening to limit the sway．

钢筋混凝土和钢结构系统充分利用了整个建筑的固有的潜在的刚度，因此不需要额外的加强板来限制倾斜。

In a steel structure, for example, the economy can be defined in terms of the total erage quantity of steel per square foot of floor area of the building.

比如，在钢结构中，可以根据建筑物的每平方英尺楼板面积所需要钢材的总平均数量来限定经济。

Curve A in Fig.1 represents the erage unit weight of a conventional frame with increasing numbers of stories．

图1中的曲线A描绘的是传统框架随着增加的楼层数的平均单位重量。

Curve B represents the erage steel weight if the frame is protected from all lateral loads．

曲线B描绘的是在框架不受任何横向荷载时平均钢材重量。

The gap between the upper boundary and the lower boundary represents the premium for height for the traditional column-and-beam frame．

上下边界之间的间隙描绘的是传统柱梁框架由高度带来的额外费用。

Structural engineers he developed structural systems with a view to eliminating this premium．

为了消除这种额外费用，结构工程师们已经发展了一些结构体系。

Tall buildings in steel developed as a result of several types of structural innovations.

用钢材修建的高层建筑是作为几种类型的结构的创新的结果而发展起来的。

The innovations he been applied to the construction of both office and apartment buildings．

这种创新已经被用在办公楼和公寓大楼的施工当中。

In order to tie the exterior columns of a frame structure to the interior vertical trusses, a system of rigid belt trusses at mid-height and at the top of the building may be used.

为了把框架结构的外柱连接到内部垂直桁架上，可以在建筑的中部和顶部设置刚性带状桁架系统。

A good example of this system is the First Wisconsin Bank Building (1974) in Milwaukee．

这种体系的一个好的例子就是密尔沃基市的威斯康星第一银行大楼。

The maximum efficiency of the total structure of a tall building，for both strength and stiffness, to resist wind load can be achieved only if all column elements can be connected to each other in such a way that the entire building acts as a hollow tube or rigid box in projecting out of the ground．

只有当所有的柱子以这样一种方式（即整个建筑作为一个中空的筒体或刚性的盒子突出于地面上）互相连接在一起时，才能获得高层建筑的整体结构对于抵抗风荷载的强度和刚度的功效。

This particular structural system was probably used for the first time in the 43-story reinforced concrete DeWitt Chestnut Apartment Building in Chicago．The most significant use of this system is in the twin structural steel towers of the 1l0-story World Trade Center building in New York．

这种特殊的结构体系第一次使用可能是在芝加哥的这幢43层钢筋混凝土公寓大楼中。这种体系的有意义的使用是在纽约的110层世贸中心大厦的结构钢双塔中。

The exterior columns of a building can be spaced reasonably far apart and yet be made to work together as a tube by connecting them with diagonal members intersecting at the center line of the columns and beams．

建筑的外柱可相隔适当远的距离，它们还能被作成一个筒体一起起作用，通过把它们和对角的构件在柱和梁的中线上交叉而连接在一起。

This simple yet extremely efficient system was used for the first time on the John Hancock Center in Chicago，using as much steel as is normally needed for a traditional 40-story building．

这种简单但非常有效的体系第一次使用是在芝加哥的John Hancock中心大楼中，它用了和传统40层楼所正常需要的一样多的钢筋。

With the continuing need for larger and taller buildings, the framed tube or the column-diagonal truss tube may be used in a bundled form to create larger tube envelopes while maintaining high efficiency．

随着对更大更高的建筑的不断需要，框筒或对顶柱桁架筒体可能被用在捆绑的形式中以形成更大的筒体外壳，同时又保持了高效力。

The 110-story Sears Roebuck Headquarters Building in Chicago has nine tubes, bundled at the base of the building in three rows．

芝加哥的110层Sears Roebuck Headquarters大楼有9个筒体，在大楼的基础部位被捆成了三排。

Some of these individual tubes terminate at different heights of the building，demonstrating the unlimited architectural possibilities of this latest structural concept．

这些独立的筒体中的一些在大楼的不同高度处中止，这是新的结构概念的不受限制的建筑上的可能性的一个例证。

The Sears tower，at a height of 1450 ft (442 m) ，is the world’s tallest building．

The tube structural system was developed for improving the resistance to lateral forces (wind or earthquake) and the control of drift (1ateral building movement) in high-rise building．

筒体结构体系被发展起来是为了提高高层建筑对侧向荷载（风和）的抵抗，以及对建筑的侧向位移的控制。

The stressed-skin tube takes the tube system a step further．

薄壳筒体使筒体体系又向前迈进了一步。

The development of the stressed-skin tube utilizes the facade of the building as a structural element which acts with the framed tube, thus providing an efficient way of resisting lateral loads in high-rise buildings，and resulting in cost-effective column-free interior space with a high ratio of net to gross floor area．

薄壳筒体的进步是利用建筑的正面（墙或板）作为与框筒共同起作用的结构构件，为高层建筑抵抗侧向荷载提供了一个有效的途径，而且可获得节省成本、不设柱子、使用面积与建筑面积之比很高的室内空间。

Because of the contribution of the stressed-skin facade，the framed members of the tube require 1ess mass，and are thus lighter and less expensive．

因为薄壳立面的作用，筒体的框架构件需要量就更少，因此就更轻更便宜。

All the typical columns and spandrel beams are standard rolled shapes，minimizing the use and cost of special built-up members．

所有代表性的柱和窗下墙的墙托梁都是标准的轧制形式，这可以使特殊的组合构件的用量和成本降到。

The depth requirement for the perimeter spandrel beams is also reduced, and the need for upset beams above floors, which would encroach on valuable space，is minimized．

周围窗下墙托梁的厚度要求也就降低了，将侵占有用空间的楼板上的梁的需求也减到了少。

The structural system has been used on the 54-story One Mellon Bank Center in Pitturgh．

While tall buildings constructed of steel had an early start，development of tall buildings of reinforced concrete progressed at a fast enough rate to provide a competitive challenge to structural steel systems for both office and apartment buildings．

当早期有了用钢筋修建的高层建筑的时候，钢筋混凝土的高层建筑也在以一个很快的速度发展，从而形成了对钢结构系统的激烈挑战，不论是在办公大楼还是在公寓大楼的使用中。

Framed tube 框筒

As discussed above，the first framed tube concept for tall buildings was used for the 43-story DeWitt Chestnut Apartment Building．

如前所讨论的，框筒的概念第一次被用于高层建筑是在43层的DeWitt Chestnut 公寓大楼中。

In this building，exterior columns were spaced at 5.5-ft (1.68-m) centers, and interior columns were used as needed to support the 8-in. -thick (20-cm) flat-plate concrete slabs．

在这幢建筑中，外柱中线间隔了1.68m，内柱被用来支撑20cm厚的混凝土平板。

Another system in reinforced concrete for office buildings combines the traditional shear wall construction with an exterior framed tube．

办公大楼中用钢筋混凝土的另一种系统是把传统的剪力墙结构和一个外部的框筒结合起来。

The system consists of an outer framed tube of very closely spaced columns and an interior rigid shear wall tube enclosing the central service area．

该体系由间距很小的柱子构成的外框筒和围绕中心设备区的刚性剪力墙内筒组成。

The system (Fig.2), known as the tube-in-tube system，made it possible to design the world’s present tallest (714 ft or 218m) lightweight concrete building (the 52-story One Shell Plaza Building in Houston) for the unit price of a traditional shear wall structure of only 35 stories．

被称为筒中筒的这种系统，使设计出目前世界上的轻质混凝土大楼成为可能，并且这幢大楼的单位价格仅是传统的35层剪力墙结构的单位价格。

Systems combining both concrete and steel he also been developed，an example of which is the composite system developed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill in which an exterior closely spaced framed tube in concrete envelops an interior steel framing, thereby combining the advantages of both reinforced concrete and structural steel systems．The 52-story One Shell Square Building in New Orleans is based on this system．

混凝土和钢筋组合使用的系统也已经被发展起来，这种系统的一个例子就是由Skidmore，Owings和Merrill共同发展的复合体系，在该体系中，一个间隔很近的混凝土外框筒包裹着一个内钢框架，因此它结合了钢筋混凝土和钢结构系统的优点。52层的新奥尔良广场大楼就是建立在这种系统的基础之上。

This text mainly introduced some structural types of high-rise building, such as systems in steel, frames with rigid belt trusses, framed tube, stressed-skin tube system, tube in tube, etc. In addition, it gives us some examples which are representational.

这篇文章主要介绍了高层建筑的一些结构类型，比如钢筋体系、刚性带状桁架框架、框筒、薄壳筒体体系、筒中筒等等。此外，文章还给我们举了一些具有代表性的实例。

希望帮到你。

土木工程专业英语复习重点

civil engineering 土木工程 structural engineering 结构工程 water resources engineering 水源工程 environmental engineering 环境工程 transportation engineering 运输工程 construction engineering 建筑工程 community and urban planning社区与市政规划 survey 测量，勘测 engineering management 工程管理 drainage system 排污系统 utility 公共设施 groundwater 地下水

material property(behior) 材料性能 potential 潜能，电位 pressure 压力 stability 稳定性 earthquake

wastewater treatment plant 废水处理厂 air scrubber 空气净化器 installation 安装 strength 强度 rate of flow 流率 frame work 框架，构架 natural resource 自然资源 discipline 学科，分枝 predominate居支配地位，（数量上）占优势 geotechnical 岩土工程的

specification 详述，说明书，清单 supervise 监督，管理 subcontractor 转包合同 asphalt 沥青 aluminum 铝

runoff 雨量，流量 lock 水闸，闸门 fill 装填物，填土 scrubber 洗涤器 incineration 焚化 toxic 有毒的

combustible 易燃的 ramp 斜坡 excate 挖掘

aerial 空气的，航空的

sonic 声音的，音速的，利用音波的 plotting 测绘，标图

municipal 市政的，地方的 commission 委员会 Lesson2 budget 预算 raw material 原材料 compression 压缩 compressive strength 抗压强度 tension 拉伸 tensile strength 抗拉强度 support 支撑 vertical 垂直的 horizontal 水平的 column 柱子 beam 梁

frame construction 框架结构 cantilever 悬臂梁 golden section 黄金分割点

mathematical formulas 数学公式 stress 应力 strain 应变 character 特性，性能 geography 地理 shelter遮蔽处

encompass 包括，围绕 identical 完全相同的 illumination 照明 parlance 说法，用法 edifice 大建筑物，大厦 dominant 支配的，占优势 ne早期教堂中殿，广场 aisle走廊

transept教堂的交叉通道 apse教堂的后殿 balustrade栏杆 intermediate中间的 clue线索

colonnade柱廊，柱列 aspiration抱负，渴望 incarnation化身，体现 blank wall挡墙 ce dweller穴居人

Gothic cathedral哥特式大教堂