动词不定式、动名词和分词，非谓语在句子中怎么用？

非谓语在句子中怎么用的

一、非谓语动词的概念

动词不定式、动名词和分词，非谓语在句子中怎么用？

非谓语动词是指动词不定式、动名词和分词.

它们是动词的非限定形式.

在句子中它们起着一些特殊的作用.

以下简要介绍它们各自的构成、作用及应用.

二、动词不定式

不定式是指带to的动词原形(使用中有时不带to),

在句中起形容词或副词的作用, 可以作状语和定语.

(一)作定语

1. 动词不定式与其修的词之间往往有动宾关系,

如果该不定式是不及物动词, 其后有必要的介词.

He's pleasant fellow to work with.

There's nothing to worry about.

2. 有些名词后常跟不定式作定语.例如: time, reason, chance,

right, ability, willingness, need, anxiety, wish, plan等.

Women should he the right to receive education.

There is no time to hesitate.

3. the first, the second, the last, the best 等之后用不定式做定语.

The monitor will be the first to come.

He was the last man to blame.

(二)作状语

1. 作目的状语

不定式作状语时, 其动作发生在谓语动词之后, 一般置于句子末尾.

但是, 如果表示强调, 亦可置于句首.

其否定形式为: 在不定式符号前加not.

He went to Shanghai to visit his parents.

To se the earth, we must prevent the earth from being polluted.

I shut the door quietly, so as not to wake the baby.

2. 作结果状语

We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy.

She left home, never to return again.

3. 作原因状语

不定式做原因状语时, 一般放在句子末尾.

She burst into laughter to see his funny action.

The boy was shocked to see the frightening scene.

4. 作独立成分

有些固定词组带to不定式, 表明说话人的立场或态度, 在句中作独立成分.

这些词有:

to be honest, to begin with, to cut a long story short,

to get (back) to the point, not to make much of it,

to put it another way, to tell the truth等.

To tell you the truth, I he never been to Beijing.

To be honest, I he never heard of Winston Churchill.

三、动名词

动名词也是动词的一种非限定形式, 由动词原形加词尾-ing构成.

与现在分词构成法相同.它同时具有动词及名词特征.

以下主要介绍其做定语及状语的情况.

1. 作定语

None is allowed to oke in the waiting room.

The speeding car came to a stop all of a sudden.

2. 作状语

介词+动名词可以作状语用, 表示时间、原因、目的、让步、方式等.

After finishing the job, he went home.

He was blamed for hing done something wrong.

They went to Manchester with the object of winning the World Championship.

四、分词

分词是动词的三种非限定形式之一, 包括现在分词和过去分词两种.

分词可以在句中作状语及定语.

(一)现在分词与过去分词的区别

现舂词与过去分词的区别主要表现在语态和时间概念上.

在语态上,现在分词(除被动式外)表示主动意思, 过去分词表示被动意思.

在时间上, 现在分词表示动作正在进行, 过去分词则表示动作已完成.

developing countries(发展家)

developed countries(发达)

the touching tale(动人的传说)

the touched audince(受感动的观众)

(二)现在分词的用法

现在分词可在句中作定语和状语.

1. 作定语

现在分词作定语时多置于它所修饰的名词前:

This is a pressing question.

这是一个紧迫的问题.

He asked an embarrassing question.

他提了一个令人难堪的问题.

现在分词亦可置于它所修饰的名词之后:

There were no soldiers drilling.

现在分词短语一般皆置于其修饰的名词之后:

A little child learning to walk often falls.

The men working here are all from the rural areas.

2. 现在分词用作状语

现在分词及其短语从表意的角度看, 也可用作状语, 表示时间、原因、

结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等.

其动作可能发生在谓语动词之前或之后, 也可能与谓语动的动作同时发生.

(1)表示时间

Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.

He went out shutting the door behind him.

强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时, 现在分词之前可用连词when或while:

When leing the airport, they wed again and agin to us.

While flying over the Channel, the pilot saw what he thought

to be a meteorite.

(2)表示原因

Being sick, I stayed at home.

She caught cold sitting on the grass.

(3)表示条件

Adopting this method, we will raise the erage yield by 40 percent.

Turning to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage.

(4)表示让步

Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasn't tried her best.

(5)表示结果

It rained heily, causing severe flooding in that country.

It rained for two weeks on end, completely ruining our holday.

(6)表示方式或伴随情况

He ran up to her breathing heily.

Please fill in the form, giving your name, address, etc.

英语非谓语知识点分类

非谓语在整张考卷中都以各种可察觉或不可察觉的方式考查着我们。因此，千万不要以分值小为由而忽略非谓语的重要性。接下来我给大家分享关于英语非谓语知识点，希望对大家有所帮助！

英语非谓语知识点1

非谓语动词详解 总结

不定式的作用

高中英语知识点：1、作主语不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。

高中英语知识点：2、作宾语

（1）动词+不定式。

（2）动词+疑问词+to，“特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。

高中英语知识点：3、作宾语补足语

（1）动词+宾语+不定式（todo）。

（2）表见解、看法的动词结构可为：动词+宾语+tobe的不定式结构。

(3)There+不定式。

高中英语知识点：4、作定语

（1）、不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。

（2）.如果作定语的不定式是一个 短语 ，则要保留不定时短语中的副词或介词。

高中英语知识点：5、作表语

不定式可放在be动词后面，构成表语。

6、独立结构。

英语非谓语知识点2

非谓语题答题技巧

01 确定是否需要非谓语。句中已经有谓语动词，再出现动词表示动作时，须用非谓语形式，如果是并列谓语要有and或“，”链接。

02 分析是不是固定短语。如果是，按照固定短语分析。

03 分析出非谓语的逻辑主语，主要有以下集几种情况：

①非谓语做定语时，非谓语的逻辑主语是非谓语所修饰的词。

例如：I like the teacher teaching English.

（译：我喜欢教英语的那个老师。）

句中非谓语做定语，修饰the teacher，the teacher是非谓语teaching的逻辑主语，非谓语与其逻辑主语是主动关系。

②非谓语做状语时，非谓语的逻辑主语是主句的主语。

例如：Watching TV，she was moved.

（译：看电视时，她被感动了。）

句中非谓语做状语，非谓语的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，she是非谓语watching TV的逻辑主语，非谓语与其逻辑主语是主动关系。

③非谓语做宾语补足语时，非谓语的逻辑主语是该句的宾语。

例如：His boss wanted Li Lei to finish the work.

主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语

（译：李雷的老板让他完成工作。）

句中非谓语to finish做宾语him的补足语，him 是to finish的逻辑主语，非谓语与其逻辑主语是主动关系。

04 确定非谓语的逻辑主语后，分析非谓语与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。

05 分析非谓语表示的动作与主句谓语动作发生的时间关系，分析非谓语表示的动作是发生在谓语动词的同时、之前还是之后。

英语非谓语知识点3

非谓语真题练习

【2021年】

八省联考

1.Like many other students, you may he various people, 56 (include) family members and friends, giving input on your college.

浙江卷

1. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 62 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.

2.This may be due to some disadvantages for people 64 (live) in the countryside, including lower (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.

【2020年】

全国卷 I

1. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Chang'e-4 66 (find) and study areas of theSouth Pole-Aitken basin.

2. I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.

3. My mom told me how to preparing it.

全国卷 Ⅱ

1. They represent the earth 63 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.

2. They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 (decorate) with red envelopes andmessages of good fortune.

3. They are easy 68 (care) for and make great presents.

全国卷 III

1. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67 (find) the well-known painter.

2. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.

山东卷

1. As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time inhistory or 43 (walk) through a rainforest.

浙江卷

1. Agriculture ge people their first experience of the power of technology 60 (change)lives.

2. Later, they learned to work with the seasons (season)，planting at the right time and, in dry areas， 63 (make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.

江苏卷

1. Technological innovations, ____ good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.

A. combined with B. combining with

C. hing combined with D. to be combined with

英语非谓语知识点分类相关 文章 ：

★ 英语非谓语动词知识点

★ 非谓语动词知识点归纳

★ 高中英语非谓语知识点

★ 高中英语非谓语的知识点

★ 非谓语动词的语法知识点详解

★ 中考英语非谓语动词语法考点及易错点

★ 高中英语非谓语动词知识点

★ 英语中非谓语动词的三种形式和用法

★ 高考英语非谓语动词的考点的介绍

★ 英语的非谓语动词语法

英语中非谓语是什么意思？有什么形式？

非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。

1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别

（1）动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)

It is not very good for you to oke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)

（2）动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。

Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验)

Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)

（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job.

2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别

（1）不定式作表语

1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。

To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。

（2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。

To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。

（3）如果主语是以aim， duty， hope， idea， happiness， job， plan， problem， purpose， thing， wish等为中心的名词，或以what的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明 作用。

His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。

The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.

The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant．

（2）动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为服务。 His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。注：动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。

People cannot but feel puzzled， for they simply cannot understand how he could he made such a stupid mistake.

His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected．

（3）分词作表语

分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite， interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说./sth. is interesting.

英语中非谓语是不担任谓语成分而担任其他语能的动词称为非谓语动词,有to do（动词不定式） / -ing （现在分词 / 动名词） / -ed （过去分词） 三个形式.由于他们不受主语人称和数的限制,故也称为"非限定动词".

简单的英语句式是主语-谓语-宾语。常见形式是非谓语动词，是对谓语的补充说明。非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词以及分词三种形式。

为了区分这三种非谓语动词的用法，我们从它们在句子或者特殊句型中充当的不

同成分以及用法等角度来具体比较它们的用法。

简单来说非谓就是动词不做谓语。因为一句话只能有一个谓语动词，但是一句话通常有很多的动词要出现，所以除了谓语动词其余动语全部要变形处理，变形后的动词就叫做非谓。一般有三种变形 Ving. Ved. To V.

看”英语思维——语法原理“这本书，看完就理解非谓语动词的前世今生了。

非谓语的用法及其使用效果

从动词在句中所起的语法作用的角度看，动词可以分为两类：谓语动词（the finites）和非谓语动词（the non-finites）。谓语动词（the finites）是动词的谓语形式，其形式受主语限制，在数和人称上与主语一致，具有时态和语态的变化，因此，又称限定动词。非谓语动词（the non-infinites）在句中不能做谓语，其形式不受句子主语的限制，又称非限定动词。非谓语动词（the non-finites）主要有三种，即不定式（the infinitives）、动词ing-分词（-ing participle）和动词ed-分词(-ed participle)。下面就非谓语动词（the non-finites）的用法进一步阐述。

一、 动词不定式（the infinitives）

动词不定式（the infinitives）分为带to与不带to两种。不定式(the infinitives) 通常带to，但在某些搭配中既可带to也可不带to。既然通常带to，那掌握何种情况下不带to，对于动词不定式的学习就容易了。以下就总结不带to不定式的几种情况：

⑴在情态助动词（marginal modal auxiliary）后

He must return home before ten o’clock.

You needn’t wait him .

I daren’t go out at night.

⑵在半助动词后

He you been to the university?

You’d better stay at home if it rains tomorrow.

I happened to meet him yesterday.

⑶在情态成语后

Wuold rather/would sooner/would (just)as soon ( 宁愿 )may/might(just)as well(不妨，可以),cannot but/cannot help but (不能不，不由得不)等情态成语（modal idiom）之后跟不带to不定式。

He’d rather not porridge and steamd bread for breakfast.

I ‘d sooner stay at school.

You can’t help but respect them.

⑷在ratger than/sooner than之后

Rather than /sooner than 同义，前者多见，均做“宁愿…而不”解释。置于句首时，其后跟不带to不定式。例如：

Rather than cause trouble ,he left.

Sooner than marry that man ,she would earn her living as a waitress.

当rather than/sooner than出现在句中其他位置时，其后不定式既可带to也可不带to.

He decided to write rather than telephone.

Mary likes to watch football match rather than to attend the party.

⑸在“主动词+主动词”固定搭配的第一个主动词后

此处的第二个主动词指不带TO不定式，此类常见搭配有make believe（假装），make do(with/on)（凑合，将就），let drop/let fall（有意无意说出），let fly(at)（发出，射出），let go(of)/lee go of（放开，放手），hear tell(of)（听说）等。例如：

Let’s make believe we he seen Jane.

Make that dog lee go of my coat.

I’ve heard tell of him.

⑹在“使役动词+宾语“之后

在“let ,make ,he等使役动词+宾语”之后用不带to不定式。例如：

He won’t let her go out at night.

The teacher had the boy stand in front of the class.

Alen made him stayfor tea.

当使役动词为被动态时，不带to不定式转为带to不定式。例如：

He let his wife do homework..

→his wife was let to do homework.

⑺在“感觉动词+宾语“之后

在“see ,hear,observe,notice,feel,watch等感觉动词+宾语”之后用不带to不定式。例如：

I fell the house shake.

They watched him eat his chicken..

He didn’t notice the thief come in the room.

在“look at和 listen to+宾语”之后也用不带to不定式：

Look at the boy run!

The children listened to the teacher speak.

上述动词为被动态时，不带to不定式转为带to不定式：

We saaw him enter the building .

→he was sawn to enter the building .

⑻在“he known+宾语”之后

这里的know以完成式出现，含义是“看过，听过”，其宾语之后用不带to不定式。例如

He has never known(=seen) the teacher ile.

He you ever known the man tell a lie?

⑼在help（或help+宾语）之后

在help（或help+宾语）之后既可用带to不定式，也可用不带to不定式。例如：

Can I help (to)lift the suit case?

They help me (to) get out of the trouble.

⑽在介词except/but之后

如果except/but之前有动词“do“的某种形式，其后通常用不带to不定式，否则带to。例如：

They did nothing except study.

We he no choice but to wait.

⑾在“why/why not…?”之后

在“why/why not…?”句式中，紧接why之后的不定式总是不带to。例如：

Why argue with him?

Why not give me a hand?

⑿在其它一些习惯用法中

在口语中，不带to的不定式还常见于其他一些习惯用法，比如在go ,come,try等动词之后可接不带to不定式。

Go post (=Go and post)a letter for me.

Come he (=Come and he)a chat with me.

I’ll tey help(=Try and help)him.

又例如，在某些带有感彩的短语中间或也用不带to的不定式作谓语动词：

Me borrow money from him!

Him ask her for help!

在上述结构中也可用带to不定式：

Me to borrow money from him!

Him to ask herb for help!

二、动词-ing分词（-ing participle）

此处的动词-ing分词（-ing participle）包括传统语法的“现在分词”（present participle）和“动名词”（ the gerund）。在此主要讲解-ing分词与动词的搭配关系，适当与不定式相应的用法做比较。

一-ing分词与动词的搭配关系

⑴动词+-ing分词搭配

能带-ing分词而不能带不定式的动词

英语中有些动词能带-ing分词结构而不能带不定式结构作宾语。此类常见动词有admit,acknowledge,anticiple,advote,appreciate,oid,can’thelp,can’tresist,can’tstand,consider,contemplate,defer,delay,deny,detest,dislike,don’mind,ensure,enjoy,escape,excuse,evade,facilitate,fancy,four,finish,give-up,imagine,include,keep(on),mind,miss,pardon,postpone,practise,putoff,resent,report,resk,stop.suggest等。例如：

We appreciate your inviting us to your party.

He can’t resist oking.

Father give up drinking at last.

Please pardon my disturbing you.

⑵动词+宾语+介词+-ing分词

有些动词不能直接带-ing分词，而必须在动词之后加宾语再加介词，才能带-ing分词。此处，常见的介词有into和from。例如“动词+宾语+into+-ing分词”：

I shamed him into returing the stolen money.

She persuaded her mother into buying a new car .

Lucy talked them into walking home with her.

能用于此类结构的动词有beguile,blackmail,cajole,coerce,deceive,fool等。又例如“动词+宾语+from+-ing分词”：

Nothing would stop me from achieving my ambition.

He could hardly restrain himself from shouting alould.

The police man sed him from drowning .

这类结构中的动词的基本含义是“使…不”。有时介词from可忽略不用。例如：

The hey rain prevented us from attending the sports meeting .

The canon stopped them from drowning.

以上是就主动态而言，被动态则介词不可省略。例如：

The canon stopped them drowning.

→They were stopped from being drown..

二既能直接带不定式又能直接带-ing分词的动词

⑴能带不定式和-ing分词而意义无甚区别的动词

在attempt,begin, can’t bear,continue, desserve,dread,hate,intend,like,loathe,love,need, neglect,omit,plan,prefer,require,start等动词后既能直接带不定式也能直接带-ing分词，基本意义无甚区别，但有些用法不尽相同的地方，说明如下：

①在begin,can’t bear,cease,continue,dread,like,love,neglect,omit,prefer,propose,start等动词之后，如表示一般的行为，用-ing分词居多；如表示特定的或具体的动作，则用不定式较多。比较：

He can’t bear living alone.

I can’t bear to see the child treated stupidly.

Jake prefers doing it his way.

He prefer to go by train this evening.

②在need, want, require, deserve等动词之后，可用-ing分词的主动形式表示被动意义，这相当与用不定式的被动态。例如：

The proposal needs signing by the manager.

=The proposal needs to be signed bby the manager..

The old lady deserves looking affter.

=-The old lady deserves to be looked affter.

③在begin,start之后虽然既能跟不定式也能跟-ing分词，但若跟的是状态动词，便只能用不定式。例如：

We start to believe his words.

They begin to see what she meant.

当begin,start已用于进行体时，其后的动词也用不定式：

It’s beginning to snow.

He’s starting to write his essay.

⑵能带不定式和-ing分词而意义不同的动词

这类词又可分为以下五类：

①在forget, go on, lee off,mean, regret, remember,stop等动词后面既能带不定式也能带-分词，但意义不同。说明如下：

在remember,forget,regret之后，用-ing分词表示动作发生在“记得”“忘记”之前，用不定式则表示动作发生在“记得”“忘记”之后。试比较：

Can’t you remember telling me the story last night?

=You told me the story last night.Can’t you remember it ?

I was so busy that I forgot to see the Great Wall .

=I was so busy that it didn’t come to my mind that I should see the Great Wall.

②在stop, leeoff,go on等动词之后，通常用-ing分词结构作宾语；若用不定式结构，便不是宾语而是目的状语，相当与in order to。比较：

They stopped watching TV at 9.30.

=At 9.30 they did not watch TV any more.

They stopped to watch TV at 9.30.

=They paused at 9.30 in order to watch TV.

③在try ,mean, can’t help 等动词之后，用-ing分词结构还是用不定式，取决于这些动词本身的不同含义。例如：

You plan would mean spending hours. （作“意味着”讲）

I didn’t mean to make you angry.（作“打算”讲）

If you want to improve the taste,try adding some sugar.（作“试着，试用”讲）

Philip tried to answer each questioin by himself.（作“努力，设法”讲）

④在agree,decide等动词之后，可直接带不定式，但若带-ing分词，则须在-ing分词之前添加介词。试比较：

They agreed to share the remuneration（报酬）.

They agreed on sharing the remuneration（报酬）.

⑤在encourage,permit,allow, recommend,advise,authorise等动词之后，一般用-ing分词作宾语。但如果后面带有不定式结构，这种不定式通常带有自己的逻辑主语。试比较：

She doesn’t allow talking here.

She doesn’t allow us to talk here.

The teacher encouraged learning English by radio and television.

The teacher encouraged me to learn by English by radio and television.

三、动词-ed形式（the participles）

一-ed分词做前置修饰语

①来自及物动词的-ed分词做前置修饰语

来自及物动词的-ed分词做前置修饰语通常有被动和完成意义；而能做上述用法的-ed 分词有的来自动词，有的来自不及物动词，通常有主动和未完成意义。试比较：

frozen food a freezing wind

a bored treller a boring jourey

a lost cause a losing battle

a closed shop the closing hour

②来自不及物动词的-ed分词做前置修饰语

来自不及物动词的-ed分词很少能单独用做前置修饰语，能用做这种用法的仅限于下面几个词retire,escape,fade,felll,expire,

rise,return,vanish,grow。这些前置修饰语仅表示完成，不表示被动。例如：

a retired worke r= a worker who has retired

an expired lease = lease that has expired

a grown man = a person who has grown to a man’s size

二-ed分词做补语

①能用做补语的-ed分词也大都来自及物动词。凡是已经形容词化的-ed分词，大都可以既做名词修饰语又做主语补语或宾语补语。例如：

The door remains locked.

I found the door locked.

The man looks disappointed.

I found him disappoin ted.

②能带-ed分词做宾语补语的动词分类：

a 第一类包括see,hear,feel,find,think等表示感觉和心理状态的动词：

I found the boy assembled in the hill.

Everybody thought the battel lost.

She felt her eyes dazzled by the bright light.

b 第二类包括make,get, bhe,keep 等表示“致使”意义的动词：

I he my hair cut every month.

Please keep us informed of the last development.

He was trying to make himself understood.

c 第三类包括like,want,wish,order等表示希望、要求、命令等意义的动词：

I don’t want any of you involved in the accident.

He won’t like such question discussed in the meeting.

The audiences wish the serial film continued.

非谓语的三种形式及其表示的意义

非谓语动词的三种形式及用法如下：

1、不定式to do：将来被动（不定式主动代替被动，表示即将要做的事）。

2、现在分词doing：正在主动（表示动作正在进行，主动语态）。

3、过去分词done：完成被动（表示动作已经完成结束，被动语态）。

用法：

1、regret to do对要做的事遗憾（未做）；regret doing对做过的事后悔（已做）。例如：I regret to he to do this,but I he no choice.我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。I don't regret telling her what I thought.我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。

2、doing是动词的基本形式，doing是现在分词。需要看be动词是什么时态，它是构成各种时态的基本要素，例如They are doing their homework everyday.这里是指现在进行时的时态。was/were doing为过去进行时态。

3、done做是英文单词做的过去分词，可用作形容词，但不能用在名词前面，表示已完成的，煮熟的，合乎礼仪的，合乎规矩的；也可用作感叹词，表示接受建议。例如：When you're done,perhaps I can say something.等你说完，也许我可以说点什么。

非谓语指的是什么啊?

非谓语是英语句子中不做谓语的动词。我们知道，英语的句子是用动词来充当谓语这个句子成分的，不是动词就不能做谓语。例如：

This is a big house(is是动词，作谓语）。

I played basketball yesterday.(played是动词作谓语）。

但是，也不是所有的动词都可以充当句子的谓语。比如说：

I enjoy reading English in the morning.

Enjoy是谓语动词，而Reading不是谓语动词，而充当enjoy的宾语，所以叫非谓语。

再如，I he a watch made in Japan.

he是谓语，而made in Japan就不是谓语了，是一个过去分词短语，修饰名词watch.相当于定语，所以也叫非谓语。

非谓语

英语当中主要的成分是主、谓、宾、定、状、补6个，去掉谓语的剩下的统称为非谓语，非谓语常见的叫做动词作非谓语。

还有一种说法叫非谓语动词，动词作谓语，我们叫be doing现在进行时，动词作非谓语的时候就是doing。

语法非谓语

非谓语动词

非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形式，即：

doing , done , to do , doing 。当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：

现在分词 doing : 有being done（被动式） ; hing done （完成式）; hing been do

ne （完成被动式）

不定式 to do : 有to be done （被动式）; to he done （完成式）; to be doing（进行式）

动名词 doing : 有hing done（完成式）; being done（被动式） ;

非谓语动词的特点：三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。

下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解：

一． 动词不定式

先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。

1．To learn a foreign language is difficult .

2． His wish is to be a driver .

3．Tom wanted to he a cup of beer .

4．The teacher told us to do morning exercises .

5．I he nothing to say .

6．They went to see their aunt .

7．It’s easy to see their aunt.

8．I don’t know what to do next .

9．I heard them make a noise .

说明：1．动词不定式作主语, 2.动词不定式作表语,3.动词不定式作宾语,4．动词不定式作宾语补足语，5．动词不定式作定语,6．动词不定式作目的状语,7．动词不定式作真正主语，it 代替动词不定式，作形式主语。8．带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语,9．不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。

掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：

1． “to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。

agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ,

equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to

2． 带to 还是不带to

I he no choice but to give in

I cannot do anything but give in

I saw him enter the classroom .

（ 但是： He was seen to enter the classroom .）

3． 动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of .

It’s necessary for you to study hard .

It’s foolish of him to do it .

与of 连用的形容词有：

good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible

4．后接不定式作宾语的动词有：

want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.

需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。例如：通常不说We think to obey the laws is important . 而说We think it important to obey the laws .

5．不定式的省略。下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到to 。

want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , he to , o

ught to , need to , used to , be able to

6．不定式作定语，应注意两种关系：

1）动宾关系：

He has a lot of meeting to attend .

Please lend me something to write with .

He is looking for a room to live

He is looking for a room to live in .

He has no money and no place

to live ( in ) .

I think the best way to trel ( by ) is on foot .

There is no time to think ( about ) .

2）主谓关系：

She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting .

----I’m going to the post office , for I he a letter to post . ( 逻辑主语是I )

-------Thank you. But I he no letters to be posted now ( 逻辑主语不是I )

7．不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义：

1） 原因

He is lucky to get here on time .

这种结构中常用的形容词有：

happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious . lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy

2) 目的

He came to help me with my maths .

3) 结果

I hurried to get there only to find him out .

The book is too hard for the boy to read .

He is old enough to go to school .

8 . 不定式作补足语

I saw him play in the street just now .

能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有：

see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , he make, observe, notice

注: 当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to , 如：

He was seen to play in the street just now.

二．动名词

Learning English is very difficult .

学英语非常困难。

His job is driving a bus .

他的工作是开车。

I enjoy dancing .

我喜欢跳舞。

I he got used to living in the country .

我已经习惯了住农村。

Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep .

吃点安眠，你很快就会入睡。

注意以下几种结构：

1．There’s no telling what will happen .

=It’s impossible to tell what will happen .

= No one can tell what will happen .

2．It’s no use talking with him .

It’s no good speaking to them like that .

3．There’s some difficulty ( in ) doing …

在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换:

trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time

注意以下几个问题：

1．下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别，

forget to do … 忘记要做某事

forget doing… 忘记做了某事

remember to do…记住要做某事

remember doing …记着做了某事

mean to do … 有意要做某事

mean doing … 意味着做了某事

regret to do … 对要做的事表示后悔

regret doing … 对做过去的事后悔

can’t help to do…不能帮助做某事

can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事

try to do … 尽力去做某事

try doing 试着做某事

learn to do … 学着去做某事

learn doing … 学会做某事

stop to do … 停下来去做（另一件事）

stop doing … 停止做某事

go on to do … 接着做（另外一件事）

go on doing … 继续做某事

used to do … 过去做某事

be used to doing … 习惯做某事

2．动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别

动名词作定语表达 n+ for doing 的含义

现在分词作定语表达 n+which(who) be doing的含义

如：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping

a running horse = a horse which is running

前者是动名词 ， 后者是现在分词

又如： drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy

3． 动名词的逻辑主语：

动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。

例如：His coming made us very happy .

4．动名词的语态和时态

5． 动名词主动形式表被动的情况：

need doing , want doing , require doing

例如： This room needs painting . 这个房间需要粉刷。

6．只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：

admit , oid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit . practise , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ,

三． 分词

1 The story is interesting . I’m interested in it .

这个故事有兴趣，我对这个故事感兴趣。

2 . This is a moving film .

这是一部动人的电影。

3. The secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the president .

秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿。

4. Given more time , I’ll do it well .

如果给我多一点时间，我会做的更好。

When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank .

当他后街时，看到小偷正从银行偷钱。

应注意的几个问题：

1．现在分词与过去分词的区别

Do you know the woman talking to Tom ?

= Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ?

The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.

= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.

China is a developing country and America is a developed country.

2．分词作表语

The news sounds encouraging .

They got very excited .

1）现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别：

The news is interesting .

He is interested in the news .

doing 作表语，主语与表语是主谓关系 ；done 作表语，主语与表语是动宾关系。

2）表语与被动式的区别：

The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming .（强调动作）

The blackboard is broken . You’d better he it repaired.（强调状态）

3）常作表语的过去分词：

amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank , done

3．现在分词、动名词 现在进行时的区别

The situation in our country is encouraging . (表语)

The situation in our country is encouraging the people . ( 现在进行时)

My job is looking after the little baby . (动名词)

能回答how-question 的是现在分词，能回答what-question 的动名词，即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是现在进行时。

例如： How is the situation in our country ? It is encouraging .

What is your job ? My job is looking after the little baby .

4．注意的四种结构：

he something to do 有某事要做

he something done 使某事被做

he somebody do something 使某人做某事

he something doing 让某事一直做着

5． 需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词：

seat , prepare , hide , dress

如：I seated myself on the chair .

I was seated on the chair .

6．分词做状语与不定式的区别：

分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式、伴随等；而不定式表示目的和结果。

Hing finished the homework , I went home . （ 时间）

Being a Party member , I should work hard . （原因）

Given more time ,I can do my work better . （ 条件 ）

He ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the boy. （ 伴随）

To get more knowledge , we must work harder and harder . ( 目的 )

He is old enough to join the army . （ 结果）

7．分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别

a running horse 现在分词 = a horse that is running

a fallen leaf 过去分词 = a leaf that has already fallen

a walking stick 动名词 = a stick for walking

something to do 不定式 = something that I should do

8．不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别：

I he a problem to be discussed at the meeting . ( 将来)

The building being built on the river is the Science Museum . （正在进行）

The building completed three years ago is now in bad conditions . （ 过去）

9．分词做状语需要注意的一个问题：

分词与句子主语的逻辑关系

Seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful .( 错误 )

Seen from the hill , the city looks beautiful . （ 正确）

Seeing 与the city 不是主谓关系；seen 与city 是动宾关系

高中英语非谓语动词讲解有哪些？

非谓语动词十大实用解题原则

非谓语动词主要包括to do, -ing和-ed三种形式，可是其用法非常广泛，它不仅是高考单项选择题测试的一个重点，而且也是完形填空、阅读理解、短文改错的重要考查内容。为了能更好地掌握非谓语动词的用法，笔者在教学实践中总结出十二条实用的解题原则，并且还用相关的题目来解释这些原则。根据这些原则，相信同学们可以轻松地应对非谓语动词。

原则一、两个句子必须要用连词连接，如果没有连词连接，则需要用非谓语动词。

原则二、不及物动词无-ed形式非谓语动词，及物动词有宾语时用-ing形式，无宾语时用-ed形式。

原则三、being done 表示“正在被”，一般不作状语，只作定语。非谓语动词的完成时形式to he done或hing done强调该动作发生在句子谓语动词之前。

原则四、非谓语动词作定语时，表示将来用-to do，表正在进行用-ing，表示已经完成用-ed。

原则五、介词后跟-ing形式，可以在-ing前加逻辑主语。

原则六、-ing形式或to do可作主语或宾语，-ed形式则不可以。

原则七、be+-ed+介词结构常可把be去掉保留-ed+介词做状语。

原则八、非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致，和句子主语构成主谓关系时用-ing形式，构成动宾关系是用-ed形式。其逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时，要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。

原则九、不定式做状语一般有两种：目的状语和出乎意料的结果状语（表示顺其自然的结果用-ing形式）。另外，某些形容词（表喜、怒、哀、乐）做表语后跟不定式可以表示原因。

原则十、 非谓语动词的否定原则是在非谓语动词前加not，有not to do, not doing, not hing done, not to he done几种形式。

一、非谓语动词种类及句能

（一）概述：

在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the Present Participle）；过去分词（the Past Participle）。

1．非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：

（1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：

They built a garden.

They suggested building a garden.

（2）都可以被状语修饰：

The suit fits him very well.

The suit used to fit him very well.

（3）都有主动与被动, “体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。例如：

He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态）

He oided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式）

We he written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时）

Hing written the composition, we handed it in.（现在分词的完成式）

（4）都可以有逻辑主语

They started the work at once.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）

The boss ordered them to start the work.（动词不定式的逻辑主语）

We are League members.（谓语动词的主语）

We being League member, the work was well done.

（现在分词的逻辑主语）

2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：

（1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。

（2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。

（3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。

（二）非谓语动词的句能：

二、非谓语动词用法：

（一）动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。

1．不定式的形式：（以动词write为例）

否定式：not + (to) do

（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，

例如：

I'm glad to meet you.

He seems to know a lot.

We plan to pay a visit.

He wants to be an artist.

The patient asked to be operated on at once.

The teacher ordered the work to be done.

（2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：

The boy pretended to be working hard.

He seems to be reading in his room.

（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：

I regretted to he told a lie.

I happened to he seen the film.

He is pleased to he met his friend.

2．不定式的句能：

（1）作主语：

To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.

To lose your heart means failure.

动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式：

It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.

It means failure to lose your heart.

（2）作表语：

Her job is to clean the hall.

He appears to he caught a cold.

（3）作宾语：

常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不

定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：

Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.

动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：

I he no choice but to stay here.

He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.

动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：

He ge us some advice on how to learn English.

（4）作宾语补足语：

在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.

此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：

With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema．

有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, he等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如：

I saw him cross the road.

He was seen to cross the road.

（5）作定语：

动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：

①动宾关系：

I he a meeting to attend.

注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：

He found a good house to live in.

The child has nothing to worry about.

What did you open it with?

如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：

He has no place to live.

This is the best way to work out this problem.

如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式：

He you got anything to send?

He you got anything to be sent?

②说明所修饰名词的内容：

We he made a plan to finish the work.

③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：

He is the first to get here.

（6）作状语：

①表目的：

He worked day and night to get the money.

She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.

注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：

wrong：To se money, every means has been tried.

right：To se money, he has tried every means.

wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.

right：To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.

②表结果：

He arrived late to find the train gone.

常用only放在不定式前表示强调：

I visited him only to find him out.

③表原因：

They were very sad to hear the news.

④表程度：

It's too dark for us to see anything.

The question is simple for him to answer.

（7）作独立成分：

To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.

（8）不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词。

If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.

（9）不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。

He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.

（二）动名词：

动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句能。

1．动名词的形式：

否定式：not + 动名词

（1）一般式：

Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

（2）被动式：

He came to the party without being invited．他未被邀请就来到了晚会。

（3）完成式：

We remembered hing seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。

（4）完成被动式：

He forgot hing been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.

他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。

（5）否定式：not + 动名词

I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。

（6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词

He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。

His not knowing English troubled him a lot.

他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。

2．动名词的句能：

（1）作主语：

Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。

Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。

当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。

It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。

（2）作表语：

In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.

在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。

（3）作宾语：

They hen't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。

We he to prevent the air from being polluted.

我们必须阻止空气被污染。

注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如：

We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。

要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：

enjoy, finish, suggest, oid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…（from）,protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like

（4）作定语：

He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。

Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗？

（5）作同位语：

The ce, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。

His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged．

他收听收音机节目的习惯仍未改变。

（三）现在分词：

现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句能。

1、现在分词的形式：

否定式：not + 现在分词

（1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成

式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：

They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。

Hing done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业，他开始打篮球。

（2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动

词之前的被动的动作。

The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。

Hing been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.

被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。

2．现在分词的句能：

（1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语

放在名词后。

In the following years he worked even harder.

在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。

The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.

正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。

现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.

（2）现在分词作表语：

The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。

The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。

be + doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。

（3）作宾语补足语：

如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：

see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, lee, catch等。例如：

Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？

He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。

（4）现在分词作状语：

①作时间状语：

(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.

在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。

②作原因状语：

Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是员，他经常帮助他人。

③作方式状语，表示伴随：

He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。

④作条件状语：

(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.

要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。

⑤作结果状语：

He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。

⑥作目的状语：

He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。

⑦作让步状语：

Though raining heily, it cleared up very soon.

虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。

⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格：

I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard．

我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。

All the tickets hing been sold out, they went away disappointedly.

所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。

Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.

如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。

有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式

With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。

⑨作独立成分：

udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.

从外表看，他一定是个演员。

Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来，女孩子更细心。

（四）过去分词：

过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。

过去分词的句能：

1．过去分词作定语：

Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。

Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。

注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。

2．过去分词作表语：

The window is broken. 窗户破了。

They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。

注意：be + 过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别：

The window is broken.（系表）

The window was broken by the boy.（被动）

有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：

boiled water（开水） fallen lees（落叶）

newly arrived goods（新到的货） the risen sun（升起的太阳）

the changed world（变了的世界）

这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。

3．过去分词作宾语补足语：

I heard the song sung several times last week.

上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。

有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：

With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。

4．过去分词作状语：

Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.

受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因）

Once seen, it can never be forgotten.

一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间）

Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.

如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条件）

Though told of the danger, he still risked his life